翡翠之名，取义翡红翠绿之羽。以硬玉为主之辉石质玉，玻璃光泽莹润，产自缅甸北部雾露河流域，明末清初经滇缅商路入华，清中晚期贵极宫廷。其品鉴以"种、水、色、工"为纲，本编依次陈之，并附 A/B/C 货之辨。 Named for the red and green plumage of the kingfisher, feicui is a pyroxene jade of vitreous lustre from the Uru basin of northern Myanmar. It entered China by the Yunnan–Burma roads in the seventeenth century and rose to the summit of courtly taste in the late Qing. Its connoisseurship rests on four pillars — texture, water, colour and craft — set out here in order, with the reckoning of Types A, B and C appended.
"种"言结构之细腻，"水"言透明之深浅，合称"种水"。行业依此将翡翠自上而下分为玻璃种、冰种、糯种、豆种诸级。"Zhong" names the fineness of the fabric, "water" the depth of translucency; together they rank the stone from glass grade down to bean.
全透如镜，起荧起胶，结构致密不见颗粒，翡翠之冠。Fully transparent, fluorescing like still water; grain invisible — the crown of all feicui.
清透若冰，微见絮状棉，寒光内蕴，高档翡翠主体。Limpid as river ice with faint cotton wisps; a cool inner light — the body of fine jadeite.
半透如糯米汤，浑厚温润，市场流通之中坚。Semi-translucent like glutinous rice broth; mellow and substantial — the mainstay of the market.
晶粒可辨如豆，微透至不透，"十青九豆"言其常见。Granular as split beans, faintly translucent to opaque; proverbially the commonest of green stones.
翡翠之色以绿为尊，评绿以"浓、阳、正、匀"四字为诀；紫罗兰曰"春"，红黄二翡取皮壳次生之色，墨翠则绿辉石致黑、透光泛绿。Green rules the palette, judged by four words — deep, bright, true, even. Lavender is called "spring"; red and yellow fei take the secondary hues of the skin; omphacite black reads green against the light.
仅经切磨抛光，未经任何化学处理，颜色结构皆天然。唯 A 货具收藏价值，国家标准要求处理翡翠必须如实标注。Cut and polished only, untouched by chemical treatment; colour and structure wholly natural. Only Type A holds collectable value, and national standards require treated jadeite to be labelled as such.
强酸洗去杂质后以树脂充填，结构已遭破坏，光泽日久必变，不具收藏价值。Acid-bleached and resin-impregnated; the fabric is destroyed and the lustre degrades with time. No collectable standing.
人工染色入沁，色浮于绺裂之间，放大检查与光谱检测即可识别。Artificially dyed, the colour lodging in fissures; readily unmasked under magnification and spectroscopy.